Office for Global Engagement

MARYANN CHRISTISON

UPDATE PROFILE (FAR)

0

GLOBAL ACTIVITIES

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COUNTRIES

Appointments

Adjunct Professor, College Of Education-Dean
Professor, Linguistics

ma.christison@utah.edu

International Activities

International Publications

  • Global: Krulatz, Anna, MaryAnn Christison, Yaqiong Sue & Diana Walla (2024). Operationalizing an approach to multilingualism with pre-service English as an additional language (EAL) teachers in an EMI context.. Bloomsbury., 02/15/2024
  • Global: MaryAnn Christison & Denise Murray (2023). Research on emotional competence (EI) and leadership effectiveness across diverse ELT contexts. LinguaBooks., 12/18/2023
  • China, Ghana, Republic of Korea, Norway: Christison, MaryAnn, Krulatz, Anna & Lorenz, Eliane (2023). Promoting Multilingual Practices for Linguistically Diverse Learners in Global Contexts. Routledge., 12/11/2023
  • Global: MaryAnn Christison, Krulatz, Anna & Lorenz, Eliane (2023). Multilingual Approach to Diversity in Education (MADE): A Teachers' Guide. Palgrave Macmillan., 11/30/2023
  • Global, Germany: Krulatz, Anna & MaryAnn Christison (2023). How pre-service teachers in Norway embrace multilingualism as a resource in content-based approaches to language education: Metacognition and metalinguistic awareness. Gesellschaft für Fremdsprachenforschung (DGFF)., 10/31/2023
  • Global: Gabriela Kleckova (2023). Becoming Strategic. (pp. 308). Springer., 04/28/2023
  • Global: MaryAnn Christison & Fredricka L. Stoller (2023). English Language Program Administration: Leadership and Management in the 21st Century. Springer., 04/28/2023
  • Global: Anna Krulatz & MaryAnn Christison (2023). Multilingual Approach to Diversity in Education: A Methodology for Linguistically and Culturally Responsive Teaching. (pp. 304). Palgrave Macmillan., 02/24/2023
  • Global: MaryAnn Christison & Jodi Crandall, Donna Christian (2022). Research on Integrating Language and Content in Diverse Contexts. (pp. 230). Routledge/Taylor & Francis., 03/18/2022
  • Global: Anna Krulatz & MaryAnn Christison (2022). Working toward a multilingual paradigm in content-based English language teaching.. (pp. 3-20). Rouledge., 03/18/2022
  • State of Palestine: Tamrika Khvtisiashvili & MaryAnn Christison (2022). Using a design-thinking approach for the delivery of EMI instruction for pre-engineering students in Palestine. (pp. 212-29). Routledge/Taylor & Francis., 03/18/2022
  • Republic of Korea: Anna Krulatz & MaryAnn Christison, Koeun Park (2022). Implementing the multilingual approach to diversity in education (MADE) as a tool for instructional design in a mixed-language classroom. In P. Bayona & E. García-Martin (Eds.) Second language and heritage learners in mixed-language classrooms.. Multilingual Matters., 02/25/2022
  • Thailand: MaryAnn Christison & Adrian S. Palmer (2022). Promoting Multilingualism through Immersion Education: A Case Study in a Thai K-12 International School. Multilingual Matters., 02/22/2022
  • Global: MaryAnn Christison & Murray, D. E. (2021). Online Language Teaching Education. In H. Mohebbi, H. & C. Coombe (Eds.) Research Questions in Language Education and Applied Linguistics . (pp. 579-583). Springer., 12/20/2021
  • Global: Sevinç, Y., Krulatz, A., Torgersen, E. & Christison, M.A. (2021). Teaching English in linguistically diverse classrooms in Norway: Teachers’ beliefs, practices, and needs K-6 classrooms. (peer reviewed). Multilingual Matters., 12/20/2021
  • Global: MaryAnn Christison & Denise E. Murray (2021). Research on Emotional Competence (EI) and Leadership Effectiveness Across Diverse ELT Contexts. European Journal of Applied Linguistics and TEFL., 12/09/2021
  • Global: Christison, M. A. & Denise E. Murray (2021). What English language teachers need to know volume III: Designing curriculum (2nd edition). Routledge/Taylor & Francis., 10/26/2021
  • Global: MaryAnn Christison & Anna Krulatz, Yesim Sevinc (2021). Supporting teachers of multilingual young learners: Multilingual approach to diversity in education (MADE). (pp. 271-90). Springer., 09/06/2021
  • Global: Christison, M. A. & Murray, D. E. (2021). Developing knowledge and skills for resolving conflict. In C. Coombe, N. Anderson, and L. Stephenson (Eds.). Professionalizing Your English Language Teaching. Springer., 05/20/2021
  • Global: Murray, D. E. & Christison, M. A. (2021). The changing faces of English language teaching. In J. Quinn & G. Klecková (Eds.) Anglophone literature in second language teacher education. . Routledge., 04/30/2021
  • Global: Christison, M. A., & Murray, D. E. (2020). An overview of multilingual learners’ literacy needs in the 21st century. In G. Neokleous, R. Farrelly, & A. Krulatz (Eds.) A handbook of research on cultivating literacy in diverse and multilingual classrooms. Hershey, PA: IGI Global Publishing. (invited), 02/07/2020
  • Global: Christison, M. A., & Murray, D. E. (2020). The odyssey of professional excellence and quality assurance in TESOL: Looking ahead and facing challenges. In J. D. Martinez (Ed.) Quality in TESOL and teacher education. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis., 10/15/2019
  • Global: Murray, D. E. & Christison, M. A. (2019). What English language teachers need to know Volume 1: Understanding learning (2nd Ed.).. (pp. 297). Routledge/Taylor & Francis., 03/15/2019
  • Global: Christison, M. A. & Murray, D. E. (2018). Research for online language teacher education (OLTE). In H. Mohebbi & C. Coombe (Eds.). Research questions in language education and applied linguistics. . Springer., 12/21/2018
  • Global: Murray, D. E. & Christison, M. A. (2018). Online language teacher education: A review of the literature (Commissioned research). Association for Quality Education and Training Online (AQUEDUTO)., 11/12/2018
  • Global: Christison, M. A. & Murray, D. E. (2018). Quality in online language teacher education (OLTE). Proceedings from the 2018 OLLReN Conference., 10/31/2018
  • China, United Kingdom, United States: Christison, M. A. & Saville, N. (2017). Advancing the field of language testing: TIRF doctoral dissertations in language assessment . Studies in Language Testing/Cambridge University Press., 01/20/2017
  • Taiwan: Christison, M. A. (2015). Creating a pedagogy of engagement in English language teaching. In Selected papers from the twenty-fourth international symposium on English teaching (pp. 16 – 22). English Teachers Association/Republic of China (ETA-ROC), November 13-15, 2015, Taipei City, Taiwan., 02/19/2016
  • United Kingdom: Murray, D. E., & Christison, M. A. (2012). Policy development for innovation and renewal in English language education. In C. Tribble (Ed.) Managing change in ELT: Lessons from experience (pgs. 61-74). London, England: The British Council., 01/31/2012
  • Peru, Australia, Argentina: Christison, M. A., & Stoller, F. L. (2012) A Handbook for Language Program Administrators (2nd Edition). (pp. 475). Miami, FL: Alta Book Center Publishers., 10/15/2011

International Presentations

  • Norway: Guest speaker for the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway Teacher Education Department. "Developing Quality Assurance for Online Teacher Education." , 10/23/2019
  • Global: Christison, M. A., & Murray, D. E. (2018). Quality in online language teacher education (OLTE). An invited paper for the Online Language Learning and Research Network (OLLReN). October 4, 2018. , 10/04/2018
  • New Zealand: Palmer, A. S., Dixon, D., & Christison, M. A. (2018). Discovery learning and the contribution of software to language test design and development. A paper presented at the Language Learning Roundtable for the Language Testing Research Colloquium (LTRC) 2018, Auckland, New Zealand, July 2, 2018. , 07/02/2018
  • New Zealand: Christison, M. A. (2018). Connecting language testers and specialists in L2 pedagogy: Issues in classroom-based assessment. A paper presented as an introduction to the Language Learning Roundtable at the Language Testing Research Colloquium (LTRC) 2018, Auckland University, Auckland, New Zealand, July 2, 2018. , 07/02/2018
  • Global: Christison, M. A. (2018). Exploring the dialog across multiple faiths. A paper presented at the 2018 TESOL International Annual Convention, Chicago, Illinois, March 29, 2018. , 03/29/2018
  • Costa Rica: Christison, M. A. (2016). Developing leadership skills for teachers. A paper presented for the NCTE 2016, Centro Cultural, San José, Costa Rica, January 27-29, 2016. , 01/29/2016
  • Costa Rica: Christison, M. A. (2016). Planting the seeds for student engagement. A keynote presentation for the NCTE 2016, Centro Cultural, San José, Costa Rica, January 27-29, 2016. , 01/28/2016
  • Costa Rica: Christison, M. A. (2016). What English language teachers need to know about curriculum design. A workshop for the NCTE 2016, Centro Cultural, San José, Costa Rica, January 27-29, 2016. , 01/27/2016
  • Taiwan: Christison, M. A. (2015). Engaging students in learning in a multicultural world. An invited plenary address for the 24th International Symposium on English Teaching. November 13 – 15, 2015, Chien Tan Overseas Youth Activity Center, Taipei City, Taiwan. , 11/14/2015
  • Taiwan: Christison, M. A. (2015). Using learning theory to created effective English language teaching . A workshop for the 24th International Symposium on English Teaching. November 13 – 15, 2015, Chien Tan Overseas Youth Activity Center, Taipei City, Taiwan., 11/13/2015
  • El Salvador: Christison, M. A. (2015). Current thinking on multiple intelligences and English as a foreign language. A paper presented for the Centro Cultural Salvadoreño Americano, Leadership Development Institute, July 8, 2015, San Salvador, El Salvador. , 07/08/2015
  • Guatemala: Christison, M. A., & Murray, D. E. (2014). Leadership Development for Language Program Administrators. An two-day institute developed and presented for the IGA (the binantional center of Guatemala), November 5 and 6, 2014, Guatemala City, Guatemala. , 11/05/2014
  • Guatemala: Christison, M. A., & Murray, D. E. (2014). What English language teachers need to know about designing curriculum. Paper presented at the 33rd National Conference for Teachers of English. Nov. 4, 2014, Guatemala City, Guatemala. , 11/04/2014
  • Guatemala: Christison, M. A. (2014). Engaging students in learning. Closing Plenary Address at the 33rd National Conference for Teachers of English. November 4, 2014, Guatemala City, Guatemala. , 11/04/2014
  • Republic of Korea: Beatty, K., Christison, M. A., Choi, J., Nunan, D. C., & Ueno, A. (2014). Four principles for guiding learning in online teacher education courses. Online teacher education. A symposium for the Korean TESOL Convention, October 5, 2014, Seoul, Korea., 10/05/2014
  • Brazil: Christison, M. A. (2014). Understanding research on learning. A paper presented for Pontifical Catholic University (PUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil, September 29, 2014. Presentation, Presented, 09/29/2014. International (Brazil)., 09/30/2014
  • Brazil: Christison, M. A. (2014). Using online technologies in a TESOL practicum. A paper presented for Pontifical Catholic University (PUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil, September 29, 2014. , 09/29/2014
  • Brazil: Christison, M. A. (2014). Integrating content and language. A paper presented for Pontifical Catholic University (PUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil, September 29, 2014. Presentation, Presented, 09/29/2014. International (Brazil)., 09/29/2014
  • Brazil: Christison, M. A. (2014). Creating excellence in the EFL classroom: Understanding learners, their learning styles, and facilitating learning through brain-based research. A paper presented for the Local Secretariat of Eduation in Porto Alegre, Brazil, September 27, 2014. , 09/27/2014
  • Brazil: Christison, M.A. (2014). Intercultural dimensions of emotional competence. A keynote paper presented at the ABLA (Association of Binational Centers of Latin America) Conference, September 26, 2014, Florianopolis, Brazil. , 09/26/2014
  • Brazil: Christison, M.A. (2014). Managing the multiple roles of language program administration. A paper presented at the ABLA (Association of Binational Centers of Latin America) Conference, Florianopolis, Brazil, September 25, 2014. , 09/25/2014
  • Brazil: Christison, M.A. (2014). Developing Leadership IQ. A paper presented at the ABLA (Association of Binational Centers of Latin America) Conference, Florianopolis, Brazil, September 24, 2014. , 09/24/2014
  • China: Christison, M. A., & Quifang, W. (2014). Using an integrated language and content model for English language teaching in the Chinese context. A two-day workshop created for the Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press (FLTRP), July 17-18, 2014, Beijing, China. , 07/17/2014
  • Kuwait: Christison, M.A. (2013). Engaging students in learning. A keynote paper presented for the inaugural conference of TESOL Kuwait. November 15, 2013, Kuwait City, Kuwait. , 11/15/2013
  • Kuwait: Christison, M.A., & Palmer, A. (2013). Formative Assessment Practices for Teachers of Language Learners. A pre-conference workshop presented for Kuwait TESOL. November 14, 2013, Gulf University, Kuwait City, Kuwait. , 11/14/2013
  • Kuwait: Christison, M.A. (2013). Teaching Young Language Learners. A post conference workshop presented for TESOL Kuwait/Gulf University/AMID East, November 17 & 18, 2013. Kuwait City, Kuwait. , 11/2013
  • China: Christison, M.A. (2013). Applying Learning Theory in Foreign Language Classrooms. A keynote address at the Conference of ELT in S. China sponsored by Wuhan Univeristy, Wuhan, China. October 31, 2013. , 10/31/2013
  • China: Christison, M.A. (2013). Content and Language Integrated Learning in ELT. A paper presented for the Conference on ELT in southern China. Sponsored by Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. October 30, 2013. , 10/30/2013
  • Peru: Christison, M.A. (2013). Teaching Young Language Learners. A workshop presented for ICPNA. September 27, 2013. Lima, Peru. , 09/2013
  • Peru: Christison, M.A. (2013). Developing Effective Leadership Skills. A workshop presented for ICPNA. September 28, 2013. Lima, Peru. , 09/2013
  • Republic of Korea: Christison, M.A. (2013) Content and Language Integrated Learning. Korea National TESOL Conference, May 2013. Presented via webcam presentations from the U.S. Seoul, Korea. , 05/24/2013
  • Chile: Christison, M. A. (2011). Integrating content and language for English language learners. Nido de Aguilas International School. Santiago, Chile. October 8, 2011. , 11/08/2011
  • Guatemala: Chrisitison, M. A. (2011). Integrating content and language in ELT. National Teachers' Conference, Guatemala City, Guatemala. November 3, 2011. , 11/03/2011
  • Guatemala: Christison, M. A. (2011). Invited. Developing effective leadership skills in English language education. National Teachers' Conference, Guatemala City, Guatemala. November 2, 2011. , 11/02/2011
  • Chile: Christison, M. A. (2011). Workshop. Brain-based teaching strategies for English language teachers. Ministry of Education, Santiago, Chile. October 11, 2011. , 10/11/2011
  • Chile: Christison, M. A. (2011).Transitioning from English language teacher to program administrator. Universidad Mayor. Santiago, Chile. October 7, 2011. , 10/07/2011
  • Chile: Christison, M. A. (2011). Using learning theory and research to create effective EFL instruction. Universidad Mayor. Santiago, Chile. October 7, 2011., 10/07/2011
  • Chile: Christison, M. A. (2011). Brain-based teaching strategies for English language teachers. Villa Academy. Santiago, Chile. October 6, 2011. , 10/06/2011
  • Chile: Christison, M. A. (2011). Developing effective leadership skills in ELT. U.S. Embassy, Regional English Language Office (RELO), Santiago, Chile. October 5, 2011. , 10/05/2011
  • Chile: Christison, M. A. (2011). Workshop. Developing effective leadership skills in ELT. Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. October 4, 2011. , 10/04/2011
  • Chile: Christison, M. A. (2011). Brain-based strategies for English language teachers. Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. October 3, 2011. , 10/03/2011
  • Chile: Christison, M. A. (2011). Workshop. Brain-based teaching strategies. TESOL Chile Annual Conference. Universidad Austral. Valdivia, Chile. October 2, 2011. , 10/02/2011
  • Chile: Christison, M. A. (2011). Plenary. Developing effective leadership skills in English language education. TESOL Chile Annual Convention. Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile. September 30, 2011., 09/30/2011
  • Syria: Christison, M.A. (2010) Qualities of effective teaching. International University of Science and Technology (IUST), Damascus, Syria. , 10/2010
  • Argentina: Christison, M.A. (2010) Brain-based Teaching and Learning. FAAPI Conference, Cordoba, Argentina. , 09/24/2010
  • Argentina: Christison, M.A. (2010) Learning Styles in the EFL Classroom. FAAPI Conference, Cordoba, Argentina. , 09/23/2010
  • Thailand: Christison, M.A. (2010). The Neurobiology of Language Learning: An Introduction to Language and the Brain. Chulalongkorn University Language Institute (CULI). , 08/17/2010
  • Thailand: Christison, M.A. (2010). What English Language Teachers Need to Know. Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Bangkok, Thailand. , 08/16/2010
  • Thailand: Christison, M.A. (2010). Integrating content and language in ELT. Chulalongkorn University School of Education, Bangkok, Thailand., 08/10/2010
  • Syria: MARYANN CHRISTISON (2010) Developing Critical Thinking Skills. ., 02/22/2010
  • Syria: Christison, M.A. (2010). What motivates students to learn? International University of Science and Technology (IUST), Damascus, Syria. , 02/21/2010
  • India: MARYANN CHRISTISON (2010) Assessing English Language Learners., 02/2010

International Teaching

  • India: Intensive Course on Classroom Management for Second and Foreign Language Teachers for the English and Foreign Language University (EFLU) in Hyderabad, India , 02/14/2010-02/20/2010
  • Syrian Arab Republic: 40 -hour Course on Effective Teaching Practices for the International University of Science and Technology (IUST) in Damascus, Syria. February 2009, October 2009, and February 2010., 2009-2010
  • Australia: 30 hour course on Language and the Brain for the Summer Institute of English at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, 01/2009
  • Chile: Academic Specialist Award for Chile, 10/01/2011-10/31/2011
  • India: RELO II Programme for Training Teachers of English in Secondary Schools for South and Central Asia, 01/18/2010-02/26/2010
  • Syria: Developing Effective Teaching Practices with IUST, Damascus, Syria, 10/15/2008-12/15/2010

International Conferences

  • Eastern Asia: Conference on English language teaching. Invited paper. Assessment to promote learning. Shih Hsin University, Taipei City, Taiwan. , 11/18/2008
  • Eastern Asia: Content-based instruction: A holistic approach to language teaching for the 21st century. Invited paper. Special International Lectures Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan, 11/17/2008
  • Eastern Asia: Content-based instruction: A holistic approach to language teaching for the 21st century. Plenary address. 16th International Symposium and Book Fair for the English Teachers Association of the Republic of China (ETAROC). November 16, 2008. An update on multiple intelligences theory in ELT. Invited workshop. 16th International symposium and Book Fair for the English Teachers Association of the Republic of China (ETAROC). , 11/15/2008
  • Eastern Asia: Assessment to promote learning. Keynote address. Conference on Teaching and Learning of Applied Foreign Languages. National Taipei College of Business , 11/14/2008
  • Eastern Asia: What teachers need to know about developing useful assessments for language learners (with A. Palmer). Invited one-day workshop for the Language Testing Research Colloquium (LTRC), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. , 06/24/2008

International External Service

  • Global: La Maison des Enfants Salt Lake City, 10/12/2018-02/28/2022

International Professional Service

  • Global: Reviewer, Languages, 11/03/2023-12/08/2023
  • Global: Research Mentoring Award Committee, TIRF, 02/17/2023-02/21/2025
  • Global: Conference paper reviewer, TESOL, 06/21/2021-07/05/2021
  • Global: Reviewer, Language Teaching Research, 04/15/2021-05/14/2021
  • Global: Abstract reviewer. , AILA (International Association of Applied Linguists), 08/30/2019-09/13/2019
  • Global: Co-chair of a symposium, AILA (International Association of Applied Linguists), 06/28/2019-08/14/2020
  • Global: Editorial Advisory Board , IGI Global, 02/11/2019-06/30/2020
  • Global: Reviewer for Doctoral Dissertation Grants and reviewer of Masters Research Grants , The International Research Foundation , 05/31/2018-07/31/2020
  • Global: I am Chair of TIRF's Research Advisory Committee and oversee two major research grant programs, one for masters students and one for doctoral students. I am also responsible for reading interim reports from grantees and editing all final reports. , The International Research Foundation (TIRF) for English language education , 03/27/2018-12/31/2021
  • Global: I reviewed proposal for the TESOL International 2018 Convention. Because of the difficulty in moving to the new system, I reviewed over 100 proposals. , TESOL International , 09/15/2017-04/30/2018
  • Global: TESOL moved to a new venue for adjudicating papers and planning the annual convention. I agreed to be one of the Strand Coordinators for TESOL 2018, overseeing the adjudication of the papers and creating the program. , TESOL , 08/15/2017-04/30/2018
  • Thailand: PASAA Journal Editorial Advisory Board, Chulalongkorn University Language Institute, 09/05/2011-09/05/2014
  • Thailand: Editorial Board for on-line journal , Chulalongkorn University Language Institute , 11/2010-12/31/2015
  • Global: Chair, Research Advisory Committee I oversee the adjudication of the TIRF Doctoral Dissertation (DDG) Awards (120 applications) and the Masters Research Awards (MRG) with 100 applications. I also edit all of the final reports from the doctoral research before they are published, chair the committee, and review the interim reports to determine if the awardees are meeting their benchmarks. , The International Research Foundation (TIRF), 03/01/2010-06/30/2024

International Awards

  • Global: This Dee Grant proposal supports teaching activities for Phase 2 of a teaching improvement project that targets four undergraduate courses in the TESOL Certificate Program. The purpose of the proposal is to determine how the realignment of the curriculum, which was accomplished in Phase 1 of the project, affects student learning in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes as they are conceptualized in the Intercultural Knowledge and Competence Value Rubric. To accomplish this goal four grant activities are planned., Dee Dee Foundation/Dee Grant, 02/24/2020
  • Global: Recipient of a GLAD Grant, Office of Global Engagement, 03/29/2019
  • Global: The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching received an Honorable Mention in the American Library Association 2019 Dartmouth Medal for most outstanding reference work. I was an Associate Editor on the project and edited Volume 3, which contained 65 entries and 200,000 words. , American Library Association , 02/15/2019
  • Global: The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching won the 2019 PROSE awards for best Multivolume Reference/Humanities. I was an Associate Editor on the project and edited Volume 3. Volume 3 contained 65 entries and 200,000 words. , Association of American Publishers , 02/11/2019
  • Global: Nomination. 2018 QIYAS Award for Excellence in Educational Assessment. The QIYAS award was established in 2014 to promote excellence and contributions to the field of educational measurement, assessment, and evaluation. It is awarded every two years in conjunction with the International Conference on Educational Evaluation (ICEE), which is organized by the Education Evaluation Commission (EEC) in Saudi Arabia. The award carries with is approximately $27,000 USD ($100,000 SAR). Christison, M. A., & Saville, N. (2018) (Eds.) Advancing the Field of Language Assessment. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. , International Conference on Educational Evaluation (ICEE), 09/14/2018
  • New Zealand: International Travel Grant, College of Humanities, 12/11/2017
  • New Zealand: Roundtable Grant - $10,000 to co-convene a Roundtable on Classroom-based Assessment at the Language Testing Research Colloquium (LTRC) 2018 in Auckland, New Zealand, July 2 - 6, 2018 (co-convener Adrian Palmer), Language Learning, 07/28/2017
  • Brazil: English Language Specialist grant for teacher education programs in Florianopolis and São Paolo, Brazil. , English Language Specialist Program - US Dept. of State/Georgetown University, 08/01/2014

Countries and Regions of Interest

  • Argentina
  • Australia
  • Brazil
  • China
  • Costa Rica
  • Dominican Republic
  • Egypt
  • Guatemala
  • Italy
  • Kuwait
  • Mexico
  • Morocco
  • Panama
  • Peru
  • Puerto Rico
  • Thailand
  • Tunisia